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- <text id=91TT0758>
- <title>
- Apr. 08, 1991: The Antarctic Connection
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Apr. 08, 1991 The Simple Life
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SCIENCE, Page 66
- The Antarctic Connection
- </hdr><body>
- <p>The southernmost continent and North America may have once been
- neighbors as recently as 570 million years ago
- </p>
- <p>By Andrew Purvis
- </p>
- <p> Antarctica has long been viewed as the remotest of
- continents, buried beneath millions of tons of snow and ice,
- miles from its nearest neighbor, and "doomed by nature...never once to feel the warmth of the sun's rays," in the words
- of 18th century explorer Captain James Cook. Even scientists
- studying the way the earth looked hundreds of millions of years
- ago have tended to ignore this solitary landmass. So it came as
- a surprise to many researchers last week when a pair of American
- geologists reported that Antarctica may not always have been so
- distant. In fact, about 570 million years ago, the scientists
- estimate, today's South Pole was probably less than a thousand
- miles from the future site of Las Vegas.
- </p>
- <p> The theory, presented at a meeting of the Geological
- Society of America in San Francisco, is the first to offer a
- plausible scenario for when and where the continents drifted
- during this critical period in the planet's history, just as
- life was beginning to emerge from the sea. It may help explain
- the birth of the Pacific Ocean, and even point the way to
- valuable mineral deposits. Said co-author Ian Dalziel, from the
- University of Texas at Austin: "The theory gives us a new road
- map for the past 570 million years."
- </p>
- <p> Geologists have long known that 250 million years ago the
- continents were bunched together in a massive protocontinent,
- dubbed Pangea. They have also had convincing evidence--from
- the geochemical makeup of rocks at the continents' boundaries--that this was not the first supercontinent in the earth's
- history. But the shape of that earlier supercontinent remained
- mysterious.
- </p>
- <p> Last week's report, delivered by Dalziel and his colleague
- Eldridge Moores of the University of California at Davis,
- revealed a key piece of new evidence. On the shore of the
- Weddell Sea in Antarctica, the scientists had tentatively
- identified an ancient rock formation known as the Grenville
- Belt, which runs from northern Canada along the eastern seaboard
- and then dips out of sight in southwestern Texas. This geologic
- connection, combined with some data from the magnetic
- orientation of ancient rocks, suggests that Antarctica, as well
- as Australia, was shoved up against the western coast of North
- America late in the Precambrian period (from 1 billion to 570
- million years ago) as part of the original supercontinent, said
- Dalziel.
- </p>
- <p> The new geography could shed light on several geologic
- mysteries. Researchers have not yet agreed on the origin of the
- Pacific Ocean. Some have suggested it was formed when Siberia
- split off from North America; a few even postulated it was
- created by the moon calving off from the earth long ago. In the
- new scenario, the ocean would have been created when Antarctica
- and Australia migrated away from North America 570 million
- years ago.
- </p>
- <p> This chronology would also help explain the dawning of
- life on land, which occurred around the same time. The breakup
- of a supercontinent such as this one, scientists believe, would
- trigger massive flooding of the continents and the creation of
- shallow coastal waters--exactly the kind of spawning ground
- from which sea creatures first emerged and adapted to life on
- the shore.
- </p>
- <p> Some geologists, including Paul Hoffman, a research
- scientist at the Geological Survey of Canada, believe that the
- new map could point the way to valuable mineral discoveries. If
- the theory proves correct, silver, copper and zinc (all found
- in eastern Australia) should also turn up in northwestern
- Canada. But scientists caution that before anybody rushes out
- with a prospector's pick, research must confirm that the rocks
- in the Western U.S. are really related to those in eastern
- Antarctica. Dalziel estimates that this comparison should take
- no more than six months--a short wait to clear up a mystery
- that has been around for half a billion years.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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